These selected papers are organized according to the categories below; note that these papers are broadly related to intergroup attitudes and behaviors across various lines of difference (such as race and religion), but many do not pertain specifically to the issue of partisan polarization. Social science suggests that the likely applicability of this research to partisan polarization is high enough that creation and testing of content based on this body of work is warranted, especially given the urgency of our partisan polarization challenge currently. In addition, since the focus of this bibliography is narrative media content, the papers included for the broader categories of polarization and inter-group contact effects will be restricted to a smaller number of important and/or interesting articles.

Bridge Entertainment Labs Bibliography: The Effect of Narrative Media on Intergroup Prejudice and Polarization

Will and Grace: Will & Grace was a seminal television moment. Edward Schiappa explores the impact one show can have on the attitudes and actions of viewers.
UCLA Skoll Center for Social Impact Entertainment
https://www.thestateofsie.com/edward-schiappa-will-grace-contact-hypothesis-psychological-theory/
How TV Shows Can Reduce Prejudice: After Watching a Musliim Sitcom, people were more tolerant, a new study finds.
Greater Good Magazine
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_tv_shows_can_reduce_prejudice
Want to End Prejudice? Watch a Sitcom
CNN Health
https://www.cnn.com/2016/02/02/health/sitcoms-prejudice-study/index.html
How Hollywood Can Help Reduce Prejudice: New research suggests thoughtful entertainment can help undermine bigotry.
Pacific Standard Magazine
https://psmag.com/news/how-hollywood-can-help-reduce-prejudice
Can Watching TV Reduce Prejudice?: Recent experiments suggest that the answer is- Maybe a little.
Psychology Today
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/overthinking-tv/202102/can-watching-tv-reduce-prejudice\
Hollywood typically depicts Native American stories as sad and one-note. The ‘Rutherford Falls’ creators had other ideas.
The Washington Post, April 22, 2021
https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/tv/rutherford-falls-peacock/2021/04/21/522e7836-9e09-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html
Indirect Contact and Prejudice Reduction: Limits and Possibilities
Sussex Research Online
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61532/1/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_lh89_Desktop_Late%20Research%20activity%20sheets_Rupert%20Brown_CurrentopinionRBJPFINALrevisedaccepted.pdf
Television Shows Can Affect Racial Judgments: A new study reveals that viewers can be influenced by exposure to racial bias in the media, even without realizing it.
Science Daily
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080220141202.htm
Getting the message across: Using media to reduce racial prejudice and discrimination
UK Department of Communities and Local Government
www.communities.gov.uk
https://tandis.odihr.pl/bitstream/20.500.12389/20228/1/04628.pdf

Academic Studies

Intergroup Contact and Polarization Reduction

The Contact Hypothesis Re-Evaluated
Paluck, E.
Behavioral Public Policy 3(02):1-30
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326298328_The_contact_hypothesis_re-evaluated

Political Sectarianism in America
Finkel, E, Bail, C et al
Science 30 Oct 2020:
Vol. 370, Issue 6516, pp. 533-536
DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1715
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6516/533.summary

Intergroup contact reduces dehumanization and meta-dehumanization: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and quasi-experimental evidence from 16 samples in five countries
Bruneau, Hameiri, B, Moore-Berg,S and Kteily, N
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2020
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167220949004?journalCode=pspc

Is it better not to talk? Group polarization, extended contact, and perspective-taking in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
Paluck, E.L
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2010, 36, 1170-1185.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5186d08fe4b065e39b45b91e/t/51e2b92fe4b0c79282d9b128/1373813039653/PSPB+Paluck+2010.pdf

Social Identity Theory,
Harwood, J. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, 10.1002/9781119011071, (1-7), (2020).
Wiley Online Library

Modes of intergroup contact: If and how to interact with the outgroup
Harwood, J
Journal of Social Issues, 2021
https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/josi.12421

Can social contact reduce prejudice and dis-crimination? Evidence from a field experiment in Nigeria.
Scacco, A and Warren, S.
American Political Science Review, 2018. 112(3):654–677
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/can-social-contact-reduce-prejudice-and-discrimination-evidence-from-a-field-experiment-in-nigeria/230FAEB8E4E9E756BF8560FE62E2FBA

Using Intergroup Contact to Fight Prejudice and Negative Attitudes: Psychological Perspectives
Vezzali, L and Stathi, S. 2020, (1st ed.). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351136341

Critical Role of Metaperceptions

Exaggerated meta-perceptions predict intergroup hostility between American political partisans
Moore-Berg, S, Ankori-Karlinsky, L, Hameiri, B, and Bruneau, E
PNAS June 30, 2020 117 (26) 14864-14872; first published June 11, 2020
https://www.pnas.org/content/117/26/14864

Inaccurate group meta-perceptions drive negative out-group attributions in competitive contexts.
Lees, J., Cikara, M. Nat Hum Behav 4, 279–286 (2020)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0766-4
https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Group%20Metaperception%20Preprint_8cc41214-29a4-43c3-81eb-a1f63d0eee44.pdf

Do they want contact with us? The role of intergroup contact meta‐perceptions on positive contact and attitudes.
Stathi, S, Di Bernardo, GA, Vezzali, L, Pendleton, S, Tropp, LR.
J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 2020; 30: 461– 479.
https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2452

Intergroup fears and concerns among minority and majority groups: Implications for contact and attitudes
Stathi, S Melissa Pavetich, Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, Alessia Cadamuro, Veronica Margherita Cocco, Loris Vezzali,
Journal of Community Psychology, 10.1002/jcop.22322, 48, 3, (1010-1027), (2020).
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/casp.2452

Meta-humanization enhances positive reactions to prosocial cross-group interaction
Borinca, I, Tropp, L and Ofosu, N.
British Journal of Social Psychology
First published, 01 March, 2021
https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjso.12435

Meta-humanization reduces prejudice, even under high intergroup threat
Pavetich, M and Stathi, S
Personality and Social Psychology, 2020
https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fpspi0000259

Importance of Identifiable Victims in Engendering Sympathy

Sympathy and callousness: The impact of deliberative thought on donations to identifiable and statistical victims.
Small, D, Loewenstein, G and Slovic, P
Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 102, 143–153 (2007)

The Scarecrow and the Tin Man: The vicissitudes of human sympathy and caring
Loewenstein, G and Small, D
Rev. Gen. Psychol. 11, 112–126 (2007)
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30784469/Loewenstein_Small_2007.pdf

Personal Stories and Bridging

Personal experiences bridge moral and political divides better than facts
Kubin, E, Puryear, C, Schein, Chelsea and Gray, K.
PNAS February 9, 2021 118 (6) e2008389118;
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008389118
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/6/e2008389118

Speaking my truth: Why personal experiences can bridge divides but mislead
Van Bavel, J, Reinero, D, Spring, V, Harris, E and Duke, A
PNAS February 23, 2021 118 (8)
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2100280118.full
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2100280118.short

Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing
Broockman, D and Kalla, J.
Science 352, 220–224 (2016).
http://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/transphobia-and-canvassing.pdf

Reducing exclusionary attitudes through interpersonal conversation: Evidence from three field experiments
Kalla, J and Broockman, D
American Political Science Review, 2020
https://escholarship.org/content/qt4d77v7n9/qt4d77v7n9.pdf

Which narrative strategies durably reduce prejudice? Evidence from field and survey experiments supporting the efficacy of perspective-getting
Kalla, J and Broockman, D
https://osf.io/z2awt/

Entertainment-education and elaboration likelihood: Understanding the processing of narrative persuasion.
Slater, M and Rouner, D.
Commun. Theory 12, 173–191 (2002).
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00265.x

Strategic Storytelling: When Narratives Help versus Hurt the Persuasive Power of Facts
Krause, R and Rucker, D
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, June 10, 2019
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167219853845

Conveying Interpersonal Respect and Inclusion

Americans, not partisans: Can priming American national identity reduce affective polarization?
Levendusky, M
J. Polit. 80, 59–70 (2018).
https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/web.sas.upenn.edu/dist/9/244/files/2016/10/JOP_Americans-17e7zuk.pdf

Political Inclusion Reduces Political Prejudice
Psyarxiv preprint
Voelkel, J, Ren, D and Brandt, M
https://psyarxiv.com/dxwpu/

Respect your enemies: Orientations towards political opponents and political involvement in Britain.
Lalljee, M, Evans, G, Sarawgi, S and Voltmer, K.
Int. J. Public Opin. Res. 25, 119–131 (2012).
https://academic.oup.com/ijpor/article-abstract/25/1/119/733910

Superordinate Identities, Common Humanity in Bridging

Dehumanization and infrahumanization.
Haslam, N and Loughnan, S
Annu. Rev. Psychol. 65, 399–423 (2014).
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51439283/Haslam_2014_1.pdf

Mediated/Vicarious Contact and Bridging

Prejudice Reduction: Progress and Challenges
Paluck, E, Porat, R, Clark, C and Green, D.
Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 72:533-560 (Volume publication date January 2021)
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-071620-030619
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5186d08fe4b065e39b45b91e/t/601766eb09286e6fda49d962/1612146411820/PaluckPoratClarkGreen_2020.pdf

Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice
Banas, J, Bessarabova, E and Massey, Z
Human Communication Research, Volume 46, Issue 2-3, April-July 2020, Pages 120–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqaa004
Published: 26 May 2020

Native American Stereotypes, TV Portrayals, and Personal Contact
Tan, A, Fujioka, Y and Lucht, N.
Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly
Volume: 74 issue: 2, page(s): 265-284
Issue published: June 1, 1997
https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400203

Improving intergroup relations with extended and vicarious forms of indirect contact
Vezzali, L, Hewstone, M, Capozza, D, Giovannini, D and Wölfer, R
European Review of Social Psychology, 25:1, 314-389 Published online: 18 Dec 2014
Loris Vezzali, Miles Hewstone, Dora Capozza, Dino Giovannini & Ralf
https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2014.982948

Vicarious, extended and imagined intergroup contact: A review of interventions based on indirect contact strategies applied in educational settings.
Dii Bernardo, G. A., Vezzali, L., Stathi, S., Cadamuro, A., & Cortesi, L. (2017).
Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 24(1), 3–211.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-11756-001

Indirect and Mediated Intergroup Contact
Harwood, J
Intergroup Communication
Theories, Issues, and Concepts
First published: 13 December 2017
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0161

Improving intergroup relations with extended and vicarious forms of indirect contact
Vezzali, L, Hewstone, M, Capozza, D, Giovannini D and Wölfe, R
European Review of Social Psychology, 2014, 25:1, 314-389,
10.1080/10463283.2014.982948

Improving intergroup relations through direct, extended and other forms of indirect contact
Dovidio, J. F., Eller, A., & Hewstone, M
First Published March 25, 2011 Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430210390555

Mediating Variables (Mechanisms of action)

Mitigating Psychological Reactance: The Role of Message-Induced Empathy in Persuasion
Lijiang Shen
Human Communication Research, Volume 36, Issue 3, 1 July 2010, Pages 397–422,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01381.x

Intergroup contact and prejudice toward immigrants in Italy: The mediational role of anxiety and the moderational role of group salience.
Voci, A., & Hewstone, M. (2003).
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(1), 37–52.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430203006001011

Intergroup Threat Theory
Stephan W and Stephan C
Online publication 13 December 2017
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oscar-Ybarra/publication/285515618_Intergroup_threat_theory/links/5a66a4a9aca2720ba6af5779/Intergroup-threat-theory.pdf

Social identity motivations and intergroup media attractiveness
Nick Joyce, Jake Harwood
Group Processes and Intergroup Relations
First Published March 22, 2018 Research Article
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5186d08fe4b065e39b45b91e/t/601766eb09286e6fda49d962/1612146411820/PaluckPoratClarkGreen_2020.pdf

How to Improve Attitudes Toward Disliked Groups: The Effects of Narrative vs Numerical Evidence on Political Persuasion
Wojcieszak, M and Kim, N
Communications Research
First Published December 21, 2015
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0093650215618480

Perspective-Taking as a Strategy for Improving Intergroup Relations: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Qualifications
Todd, A and Galinsky, A
Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2014, 8(7)
10.1111/spc3.12116

Interdependence in Mediated Intergroup Contact
Katherine R Dale, Emily Moyer-Gusé
Journal of Media Psychology, 2020
https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/full/10.1027/1864-1105/a000273

Reducing prejudice through narratives: An examination of the mechanisms of vicarious intergroup contact.
Moyer-Gusé, E., Dale, K. R., & Ortiz, M. (2019).
Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 31(4), 185–195. https://doi.org/10
.1027/1864-1105/a000249

The extended intergroup contact hypothesis: State of the art and future developments
L Vezzali, S Stathi, 2017, Routledge
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/extended-intergroup-contact-hypothesis-state-art-future-developments-loris-vezzali-sofia-stathi/e/10.4324/9781315646510-11

Narrative Media and (De)Polarization

Media and political polarization.
Prior, M.
Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 16, 101–127 (2013)
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242

Explaining the Effects of Vicarious Contact in an Entertainment Television Program about Autism
Y Zhong – 2020 (Thesis)
https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/324361/2020_Zhong_Yuwei_Thesis.pdf?sequence=5

Overcoming resistance to change: Using narratives to create more positive intergroup attitudes
Murrar, S and Brauer, M
Current Directions in PsychologicalScience 2019, Vol. 28(2) 164 –169
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f3d9069cce5e32f26883161/t/5f58fe7a532dc22b4b77abef/1599667834295/Murrar%26Brauer2019.pdf

Entertainment education as a means to reduce anti-Muslim prejudice—For whom does it work best? An extended replication of Murrar and Brauer (2018).
Siem, B, Neymeyer, L and Rohmann, A
Social Psychology, 52(1), 51-60.
https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2020-88158-001.html

Deference, dissent, and dispute resolution: A field experiment on a mass media intervention in Rwanda.
Paluck, E.L. and Green, D.P.
American Political Science Review, 2009, 103(4), 622-644.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5186d08fe4b065e39b45b91e/t/550b51c3e4b0546397946814/1426805187742/Paluck_Green_APSR+09.pdf

Narratives shape cognitive representations of immigrants and policy preferences
Martinez, J, Feldman, L, Feldman, M and Cikara, M
Prepring, 2018
https://psyarxiv.com/d9hrj/

Changing Behavior Through TV Heroes (Bandura profile)
Dittmann, M
APA Monitor, October 2004, 35(9), 70
https://www.apa.org/monitor/oct04/tvheroes

Entertainment-Education andElaboration Likelihood:Understanding the Processing of Narrative Persuasion
Slater, M and Rouner, D
Communication Theory, 2002, 12(2)
http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/entertainment-education_and_elaboration_likelihood_-_understanding_the_process_of_narrative_persuasion.pdf

The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis
Schiappa, E, Gregg, P and Hewes, D
Communication Monographs, 2005, 72, 92-115.
doi:10.1080/0363775052000342544

I Saw You in the News: Mediated and Direct Intergroup Contact Improve Outgroup Attitudes
Wojcieszak, M and Azrout,R,,
Journal of Communication, Volume 66, Issue 6, December 2016, Pages 1032–1060,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12266

A Social Cognitive Theory Approach to the Effects of Mediated Intergroup Contact on Intergroup Attitudes.
Ortiz, M and Harwood, J. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 51, 615-631.
doi:10.1080/08838150701626487

Vicarious Intergroup Contact Effects: Applying social-cognitive theory to intergroup contact research.
Mazziotta, A, Mummendey, A and Wright, S.
Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 2011, 15, 255-274
doi:10.1177/1368430210390533

Improving Intergroup attitudes through televised vicarious intergroup contact: Social cognitive processing of ingroup and outgroup information.
Joyce, N and Harwood, J.
Communication Research, 2014, 41, 627-643
doi:10.1177/0093650212447944

Self-efficacy: Toward a Theory of Behavior Change
Bandura, A.
Psychological Review, 1977.

Indirect contact and prejudice-reduction: Limits and possibilities
Brown, R and Patterson, J.
Current Opinions in Psychology, 2016, 11, 20-24
Doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(05)37005-5

How Does Intergroup Contact Reduce Prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators.
Pettigrew, T and Tropp, L.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 2008, 38, 922-934.
Doi:10.1002/ejsp.504

Can interethnic contact between majority and minority people in China influence sense of Chinese national community? The role of positive and negative direct, extended and vicarious intergroup contact.
Huang, , F, Shi, K, Zhou, M, Stathi, S and Vezzali, L
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2020, 77, 125-139
Doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.05.008

Perspective-taking mediates the imagined contact effect.
Husnu, S and Crisp, R.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 29-34.
Doi:10.1080/10781910903484776

The association between media exposure of interracial relationships and attitudes toward interracial relationships.
Lienemann, B and Stopp, H
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2013, 43, E398-E415
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/SOCP.146.6.671-684

Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: A field experiment in Rwanda.
Paluck, E.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-02415-005

Transportation and Character Identification

The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives.
Green, M and Brock, T
J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 79, 701–721 (2000).
https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2000-00920-003
https://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/the_role_of_transportation_in_the_persuasiveness_of_public_narratives.pdf

How Interactive Storytelling Persuades: The Mediating Role of Website Contingency and Narrative Transportation
Oh, J, Lim, H and Hwang, A
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2020, Pages 714-735
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08838151.2020.1848180

Defining Identification: A Theoretical Look at the Identification of Audiences with Media Characters
Cohen, J. Mass Communication and Society, 2001,4(3), 245–264
http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/defining_identification-_a_theoretical_look_at_the_identification_of_audiences_with_media_characters.pdf

The Psychology Underlying Media-Based Persuasion
Nabi, R. and Moyer-Gusé, E
Oxford University Press, 2013

The Role of a Narrative’s Emotional Flow in Promoting Persuasive Outcomes
Nabi, R and Green, M.
Health Communication, 2015
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10410236.2014.974129

Changing Beliefs through Experience Taking
Kauffman, G and LIbby,L.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-07748-001

Fiction: Simulation of Social Worlds.
Oatley, K. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2016
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27449184/

Broadcasting one world: How watching online videos can elicit elevation and reduce stereotypes.
Kramer, N, Eimler, S, Winter, G, Rosner, L and Oliver, M
New Media and Society, 2017
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444816639963

Media-induced elevation as a means of enhancing feelings of intergroup connectedness
Oliver, M, Kim, K, Hoewe, J, Chung, M, Ash, E, Woolley, J and Shade, D.
Journal of Social Issues, 2015
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-11743-007

Harmonious contact: Stories about intergroup musical collaboration improve intergroup attitudes.
Harwood,J, Qadar, F and Chen, C,
Journal of Communication, 2016
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jcom.12261

Narrative Voice

Inducing identity fusion with stigmatized immigrants through narrative messages. The role of audience-character similarity based on social identity and narrative voice
Igartua, J, Guerrero-Martin, S and Cachon-Ramon, D
Paper presented to the Intergroup Communication Interest Group of the International Communication Association 70thAnnual Conference (“International Migration: IdentityNegotiation, Media Portrayals and Intergroup Contact”, standard paper session). Gold Coast (Australia), May 19–27, 2020
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juan-Jose-Igartua/publication/341990107_Inducing_identity_fusion_with_stigmatized_immigrants_through_narrative_messages_The_role_of_audience-character_similarity_based_on_social_identity_and_narrative_voice/links/5edce304299bf1c67d4af158/Inducing-identity-fusion-with-stigmatized-immigrants-through-narrative-messages-The-role-of-audience-character-similarity-based-on-social-identity-and-narrative-voice.pdf

Parasocial Relationships

The Impact of Negative Parasocial and Vicarious Contact with Refugees in the Media on Attitudes toward Refugees
Schemer, C and Meltzer C
Pages 230-248 | Published online: 25 Nov 2019
Communication and Society, 23:2, 230-248, DOI:
10.1080/15205436.2019.1692037

Parasocial Relationships and Affective and Emotional Character Engagement
David C. Giles
Wiley Online Library
First published: 09 September 2020
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0176

Can One TV Show Make a Difference?a Will & Grace and the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis
Edward Schiappa PhD , Peter B. Gregg & Dean E. Hewes PhD
Edward Schiappa, Peter B. Gregg & Dean E. Hewes (2005) The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis, Communication Monographs, 72:1, 92-115, DOI:
Pages 15-37 | Published online: 17 Oct 2008
https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v51n04_02

Parasocial Contact and Prejudice Reduction
Bond, B.
Wiley Online Library
First published: 08 September 2020
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0205

The Development and Influence of Parasocial Relationships With Television Characters: A Longitudinal Experimental Test of Prejudice Reduction Through Parasocial Contact
Bond, B
Communication Research
First Published January 30, 2020 Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650219900632

Antecedents and Effects of Parasocial Relationships: A Meta-Analysis
Tukachinsky, R, Walter, N. and Saucier, C
Journal of Communication 00 (2020) 1–26
https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/70/6/868/5964783?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Mutz and Goldman, 2010
Tukachinsky, Mastro and Yarchi, 2015

Potential Negative Effects of Vicarious Contact

Priming Mediated Vicarious Intergroup Contact: How Narrative Focus Influences Attitude Changes Toward Gay People, Same-Sex Family, and Social Dominance
Li, M
Imagination, Cognition and Personality, November 2, 2018
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0276236618810203

Perspective-taking increases emotionality and empathy but does not reduce harmful biases against American Indians: Converging evidence from the museum and lab
Sherman, A, Cupo, L and Mithlo, N
PLoS ONE 15(2): February 24, 2020
10.1371/journal.pone.0228784

May the odds be ever in your favor: The Hunger Games and the fight for a more equal society. (Negative) Media vicarious contact and collective action
Vezzali, L, McKeown, S, McCauley, P Stathi, S, De Bernardo, G, Cadamuro, A, Cozzolino, V and Trifiletti, E
J Applied Social Psych, Volume51, Issue2
February 2021
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.12721

The Contact Caveat: Negative Contact Predicts Increased Prejudice More Than Positive Contact Predicts Reduced Prejudice
Barlow, F, et al.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38(12)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230783817_The_Contact_Caveat_Negative_Contact_Predicts_Increased_Prejudice_More_Than_Positive_Contact_Predicts_Reduced_Prejudice
Weisbuch et al., 2009
Dovidio, 2009

Narrative Media Format

Comparing story reading and video watching as two distinct forms of vicarious contact: An experimental intervention among elementary school children
Cocco, V, Bisogno, E, DiBernardo, G, Cadamuro, A, Riboldi, S, Crapolicchio, E, Trifiletti, E, Stati, S, Vezzali, L.
British J Social Psych, January 2021
Volume 60, Issue1
Pages 74-94
https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjso.12404

Audio-Only Character Narration Overcoming Resistance to Narrative Persuasion
Semmler, S
Communication Research Reports 2019, 36(3):1-10
10.1080/08824096.2019.1598855

Transportation and transportability in the cultiva- tion of genre-consistent attitudes and estimates.
Bilandzic, H. and Busselle, R.
Journal of Communication, 2008